- A computer program is a series of instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks. Created by a programmer using a programming language.
- Machine language is the first generation of programming languages.
- Only language the computer directly recognizes.
- Assembly language is the second generation of programming languages.
- A source program contains the code to be converted to machine language.
- In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it. A compiler translate an entire program before executing it. An interpreter converts and executes one code statement at a time.
- The C programming language is used to write many of today's programs.
- COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language) is designed for business applications, but easy to read because of the English-like statements.
- An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects.
- Other advantages include: Objects can be reused, Work well in a RAD environment, Programmers create applications faster.
- Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.
- The Microsoft .NET Framework allows almost any type of program to run on the Internet or an internal business network, as well as computers and mobile devices.
- C++ is an extension of the C programming language.
- C# is based on C++ and was developed by Microsoft.
- F# combines the benefit of an object-oriented language with those of a functional language.
- PowerBuilder is a powerful program development RAD tool.
- A 4GL (fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural language that enables users and programmers to access data in a database.
- An application generator is a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality.
- A macro is a seriess of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task.
- The macro are usually created in one of two ways: Record the macro with a macro recorder, Write the macro.
- HTML is a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the Web.
- XHTML is a markup language that allows Web sites to be displayed more easily on mobile devices.
- XML allows Webs developers to create customized tags and use predefined tags to display content appropriately on various devices. -WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages for microbrowsers.
- Two application of XML are RSS 2.0 and ATOM.
- Web browsers can execute short programs to add interactive elements to Web pages.
- Programmers write scripts, applets, servlets, or ActiveX controls using a variety of languages.
- Web 2.0 allows Web sites to provide a means for users to: Share personal information, Allow users to modify Web site content, Have application software built into the site.
- Web page authoring software can create sophisticated Web pages that include images, video, audio, animation, and other effects
- Multimedia authoring software allows programmers, to combine text, graphics, animation, audio, and video in an interactive presentation.
- Program development consists of a series of steps programmers use to build computer programs.
To initiate program development, programmer: i) review the requirements ii) meets with the system analyst and users iii) identifies input, processing, and output.
Step 2- Design Solution
- Design solution algorithm
- In structured design, the programmer typically begins with a general design and moves toward a more detailed design.
- Programmers use a hierarchy chart to show program modules graphically.
- With object-oriented (OO) design, the programmer packages the data and the program into a single object.
- The sequence control structure shows one or more actions following each other in order.
- The selection control structures tells the program which action to take, based on a certain condition.
- The repetition control structure enables a program to perform one or more actions repeatedly as long as a certain condition is met.
- A program flowchart graphically shows the logic in a solution algorithm.
- Flowcharting software makes it easy to modify and update flowcharts.
- UML (Unified Modeling Language) has been adopted as a standard notation for object modeling and development.
- Check for logic errors using test data.
Step 4 - Implement Design
- Implementation of the design includes using a program development tool that assists the programmer by: i) generating or providing some or all code ii) Writing the code that translates the design into a computer program iii) Creating the user interface.
- Extreme programming is a strategy where programmers immediately begin coding and testing solutions as soon as requirements are defined.
Step 5 - Test Solution
The goal of program testing is to ensure the program runs correctly and is error free.
- Errors include syntax errors and logic errors
- Debugging the program involves removing the bugs
- A beta is a program that has most or all of its features and functionality implemented.
Step 6 - Document Solution
- In documenting the solution, the programmer performs two activities: Review the program code and all the documentation.
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