Chapter 14 : Enterprise Computer

Chapter 14 : Enterprise Computer

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems,protocols, and network architectures
• Types of enterprises:-Retail, -Manufacturing, -Service, -Wholesale, -Government, -Educational, -Transportation.
• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical manner
• In an enterprise , users typically fall into one of four categories

Executive Management Middle Management Operational Management Non management Employees Enterprise information is the information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization - Business intelligence -Business process management -Business process automation Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities -Planning -Organizing -Leading -Controlling Information System in the Enterprise An information system is a set of hardware,software,data,people, and procedures that work together to produce information Functional units within an enterprise might include -accounting and finance -human resource -engineering or product development -manufacturing -marketing -sales -distribution -customer -information technology Accounting software manages everyday transactions Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments Financial software helps managers budget , forecast, and analyze A human resources information system(HRIS) manages one or more human resources functions Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business Computer-aided design(CAD) uses computers and special software to aid in engineering , drafting , and design Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production equipment Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate the many different operations of the manufacturing process Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses software to help monitor and control processes related to production Manufacturing Resource Planning 11 (MRP11)is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in scheduling A quality control system helps an organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department sales force automation(SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive Distribution system perform the following functions -Provide forecasting for inventory control -Manage and track shipping of products -Provide information and analysis on inventory in a warehouse Customer interaction management (CIM) software manages the day-to-day interactions with customers The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise Web site management programs collect data designed to help organization make informed decisions regarding their Wed presence General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories -office information system -transaction processing system -management information system -decision support system -expert system Batch processing vs online transaction processing Integrated Information Systems -Customer relationship management manages information about customer,interactions with customers, past purchases and interests -Enterprise resource planning provides centralized,integrated software to help mange and coordinate ongoing activities -Content management system are information system that combine databases ,software, and procedures Enter-Wide Technologies and Methodologies Some technologies used in enterprises include -portals -data warehouses -electronic data interchange -extranets -web services -document management systems -workflow -virtual private networks -A portal is a collection of links, content, and services presented on a Web page that are interesting for a particular job function. -A data warehouse is a huge database that stores manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions. -Web services allow businesses to create products and B2B interactions over the Internet. -A document management system (DMS) allows for storage and management of a company's documents. -A workflow is a defined process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a particular project or business process. -A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile users, vendors, and customers with a secure connection to the company network server. Virtualization and cloud Computing -Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources. -Server virtualization: Provides the capability to divide a physical server logically into many virtual servers. -Storage virtualization: Provides the capability to create a single logical storage device from many physical storage devices. Enterprise Hardware -Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to manage and store information and data using devices geared for: Heavy use, Maximum availability, Maximum efficiency. -RAID duplicates data and implements duplication in different ways. -Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that provides storage to users and information systems attached to the network. -A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed network that provides storage to other servers to which it attached. -An enterprise storage system is a strategy that focuses on the availability, protection, organization, and backup of storage in a company. -A blade server packs a complete computer server on a single card rather than a system unit. -A thin client is a small terminal-like computer that mostly relies on a server for data storage and processing. -The processing for a thin client usually is done on a server. High Availability, Scalability, and Interoperability -A high-availability system continues running and performing tasks for at least 99% of the time. -Scalability is a measure of how well computer hardware, software, or an information system can grow to meet increasing performance demands. -Interoperability is the ability for an information system to share information with other information systems within an enterprise. Backup Procedures -Continuous data protection provides automatic data backup whenever data is changed in an enterprise. -A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the steps a company would take a restore computer operations in the event of a disaster. -Contains four major components: Emergency plan, Backup plan, Recovery plan, Test plan.