Cpt 2 : Fundamentals of the World Wide Web and Internet

The internet : - is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of business, government agencies, educational institutions and individuals.

Evolution of the Internet : -  The internet originated as ARPANET in Sept 1969 and had two goals

• Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together
• Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet service Cable Internet service, DSL, Fiber to the Premises (FTTP), Fixed wireless, Cellular Radio Network, Wi-Fi, Satellite Internet Service.

- An access provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.
- An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet.
- A domain name is the text version of an IP address [Top-level domain (TLD)]
- A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address

- The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collections electronic documents (Web pages).
- A Web Site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items.
- A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer.
- Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact.
- A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs. For examples, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Safari, Google Chrome.
- A Web page has a unique address called a URL or Web address.
- Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiples Web pages in a single Web browser window.
- There are two types of search tools that are search engines and subject directories

• Search Engine : - Finds information related to a specific topic
• Subject directory : - Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

- A search engine is helpful in locating items such as: Images, Videos, Audio, Publications, Maps, People or Businesses, Blogs.
- Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search engine's Web page prior to entering the search text.
- Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with : Graphics, Animation, Audio, Video, Virtual Reality.

• Graphic : - a digital representation of non-text information, graphics formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF.
• Thumbnail : - a small version of a larger graphic.
• Animation : - the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence.
• Audio : - audio includes music, speech, or any other sound.
• Video : - consists of images displayed in motion.
• Virtual Reality (VR) : - is the use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space.

Web Publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages

• Plan a Web site
• Analyze and design a Web site
• Create a Web site
• Deploy a Web site
• Maintain a Web site

E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network. While M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices.

• Business-to-consumer (B2C)
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
• Business-to-business (B2B)

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

• E-mail is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network
• E-mail program allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete e-mail messages.
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet communications service
• A chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer.
• A chat room is a location on an Internet server that permits users to chat with each other.
• VoIP  (Voice over IP) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet.
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet behavior.